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An SQL cheat sheet

Having been studying databases for the past while, I figured that it would be handy to have a resource for the common query words and how to use them. What better way to learn this than to create one.
I decided I would share it here on my website as a point of reference. If you find this cheat sheet helpful, feel free to copy and paste it or bookmark the page.

Basic Queries

  • SELECT col1, col2 … FROM table (Filter a column)
  • WHERE col2 = 1 AND col5 = 3 (Filter the row)
  • GROUP BY … (Aggregate the data)
  • HAVING COUNT(*) > 1 (Limit aggregated data)
  • ORDER BY col2 (Order results)
  • SELECT COUNT(*) (Count an amount)

Handy keywords for SELECT

  • DISTINCT - returns unique results
  • BETWEEN a AND b - limit the range, values can be numbers, texts, dates
  • LIKE - pattern search within column text

See an example:

  • Words starting with "car" — LIKE 'Car%'

  • Words ending with "car" — LIKE '%Car'

  • IN (a, b, c) - check if the value is contained among the given options

Want to see some number functions? Use aggregation functions:

  • COUNT - return the number of rows
  • SUM - add the values
  • AVG - calculate the average
  • MIN / MAX - smallest / largest values

Views

A view is a virtual table that is the result of a query.
You can use a view to create a virtual table of a complex query.

CREATE VIEW view1 AS  
SELECT col1, col2  
FROM table1  
WHERE …
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